As a large aluminum extrusion machine, it is equipped with various components and possesses multiple functions, making its structure relatively complex. The extrusion machine is composed of the frame, electric and hydraulic systems, conveying system, heating system, die system, control system, shearing system, etc. Among these, the frame, electric and hydraulic systems, die system, and control system are the most critical. 1、FrameThe frame is one of the most important parts of the extrusion machine: it bears the weight and impact pressure of the entire machine. It needs to be made of high-strength steel. A structurally stable frame can withstand high extrusion forces, and its load-bearing capacity is especially important for manufacturing high-strength, high-precision aluminum profiles. It ensures that the aluminum extrusion machine can stably, accurately, and continuously produce aluminum profiles, which is also a key factor affecting the service life of the machine. The frame structure of the aluminum extrusion machine produced by our company, Huanan Heavy Industry(www.huananmachine.com), is composed of an integrally forged front crossbeam, a cast rear crossbeam, tie rods with a diameter of φ350 (material: 42CrMo), and square pressure sleeves, forming a closed prestressed composite frame. Special hydraulic preloading tools are used to apply super-pressure tensile loads along the entire length of the tie rods and compressive stress to the pressure sleeves, putting the entire frame in a prestressed state. The center distances of the four load-bearing tie rods are symmetrical with respect to the center of the press, ensuring uniform force distribution across the entire frame. This improves the precision of the extruded products. Two sets of elastic anchoring devices are installed at the bottom of the rear beam and anchored to the foundation, ensuring reliable fixation of the rear beam. The stable and sturdy frame structure is also one of the reasons why our extrusion machines have a longer service life compared to those of our peers.   2、Electric Motor and Hydraulic SystemThe extrusion machine has two power sources: electricity and hydraulics. As the driving source of the aluminum extrusion machine, the electric motor and hydraulic system require precise control and monitoring to ensure optimal performance. Key components include: Main Cylinder Extrusion Stem Extrusion Container Main Cylinder: Provides enormous extrusion force (ranging from hundreds of tons to tens of thousands of tons) to drive the extrusion stem forward. Requires high stability, sealing performance, and fatigue resistance. Extrusion Stem (Extrusion Shaft): Transfers the pressure from the main cylinder to the aluminum billet, pushing it through the die for shaping. It must be heat-resistant and wear-resistant, typically made from high-strength alloy steel (e.g., H13). Extrusion Container (Billet Container): Holds the heated aluminum billet and withstands the high pressure and temperature during extrusion. The inner lining must be resistant to high temperatures (400–500°C) and wear. It typically has a layered design, with a prestressed outer sleeve and a replaceable inner lining.   3、Die SystemDifferent aluminum profiles require different dies. The shape and dimensions of the die directly determine the cross-sectional shape and dimensional accuracy of the extruded aluminum. Therefore, die fabrication requires precision and stability. Dies are generally made of high-strength steel (such as H13 steel) to withstand the tremendous extrusion force.   4、Control SystemThe operation of the extrusion machine requires a complex control and monitoring mechanism. The electrical control system of our aluminum extrusion machines at Huanan Heavy Industry adopts a two-level control system based on industrial programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Sensors are arranged throughout various parts of the extrusion machine to monitor pressure, temperature, displacement, and other parameters in real time. The PLC system enables full process control of the machine. The control panel is equipped with operation buttons, while the touch screen includes touch switches, digital displays of extrusion speed, stroke, extrusion force, extrusion container temperature, and indicators for machine status and fault alerts.

With the increasing adoption of aluminum profiles across various industries, the complexity of profile cross-sections and dimensions continues to grow. Aluminum extrusion press machine, as key equipment in aluminum product manufacturing, significantly impact the surface quality and dimensional precision of aluminum profiles. A high-quality extrusion press can bring substantial economic benefits to enterprises. As the industry trends toward larger-scale and automated presses, selecting the right equipment has become a crucial challenge for manufacturers. Below are some practical guidelines to assist in choosing the most suitable Extrusion press, using Huanan Heavy Industry Technology Co., Ltd. as an example. 1. Choose Based on Machine Type Extrusion presses can be categorized by their structure, transmission method, and functional purpose. Common types include hydraulic, oil-hydraulic, vertical, horizontal, forward extrusion, and backward extrusion presses. When selecting the appropriate type, consider the specific aluminum alloy and its intended application. For instance, a forward single-action horizontal press is ideal for extruding 6063-T5 industrial aluminum profiles, while a forward double-action horizontal press suits soft alloy tubing. Enterprises should choose based on their production needs and budget. In industrial production, forward single-action horizontal hydraulic extrusion press machine are the most widely used. 2. Choose Based on Extrusion Capacity After deciding on the type, the next step is to determine the press's extrusion capacity. Extrusion presses are classified as heavy-duty, large, medium, or small based on their force capacity. For example, a 7500-ton hydraulic press is heavy-duty, a 4000-ton press is large, a 2500-ton press is medium, and presses under 1000 tons are small. The required extrusion capacity is calculated based on production conditions, technical capabilities, and market demands. Parameters such as annual production hours and hourly output must be considered.The size and complexity of the profile cross-section, as well as the alloy composition, dictate the required extrusion force. For example, standard aluminum profiles typically require 250-400 MPa, hollow profiles need 450-1000 MPa, while pure aluminum requires a lower force of 150-250 MPa. Additionally, the extrusion method impacts the force required—forward extrusion generally demands 1/3 more force than backward extrusion. 3. Choose Based on Equipment Grade Once the type and capacity are decided, the next step is to select the appropriate grade of extrusion press. This choice should align with the manufacturer’s product positioning and budget. For mid-range aluminum profiles, domestic extrusion presses are a cost-effective option. However, for high-end products, investing in imported equipment may be necessary.Regardless of the grade, the decision should be practical and economically sound. For instance, if your production focuses on mid-range profiles, there’s no need to opt for high-cost imported presses from Germany. Not only is the initial investment significantly higher, but maintenance and operational costs also increase, potentially impacting production schedules. It’s essential to evaluate all aspects comprehensively and choose Aluminum extrusion equipment that fits your operational needs and financial capacity. By following these principles, aluminum profile manufacturers can make informed decisions, ensuring efficiency and quality while optimizing costs.